Chuyên đề tự học Tiếng Anh (Theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) Adrerbal clauses - Đỗ Bình

CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc)– ADVERBAL CLAUSES

By Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn – Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 1

PART A: STRUCTURES Punctuation When an adverb clause begins the sentence use a comma to separate the two clauses.

Example: As soon as he arrives, we will have some lunch. . When the adverb clause finishes the sentence there is no need for a comma.

Example: He gave me a call when he arrived in town. The time in the sentence is future but we use a present tense.

Ex: wait here until I come back. (not until I will come back) We can also use the present perfect tense after: when/after/as soon as/until or till

Can I borrow that book when you have finished it? It is often possible to use the present tense or the present perfect tense

Ex: I will come as soon as I finish. Or I will come as soon as I have finished. Adverbial Clauses of Time When

He was talking on the phone when I arrived. When she called, he had already eaten lunch. I washed the dishes when my daughter fell asleep. We'll go to lunch when you come to visit. 'When' means 'at that moment, at that time, etc. ‘Notice the different tenses used in relationship to the clause beginning with when. It is important to remember that 'when' takes either the simple past OR the present. Punctuation When an adverb clause begins the sentence use a comma to separate the two clauses. Example: As soon as he arrives, we will have some lunch. . When the adverb clause finishes the sentence there is no need for a comma. Example: He gave me a call when he arrived in town. Before

We will finish before he arrives. She (had) left before I telephoned. 'Before' means 'before that moment'. It is important to remember that 'before' takes either the simple past OR the present. After

We will finish after he comes. She ate after I (had) left. 'After' means 'after that moment'. It is important to remember that 'after' takes the present for future events and the past OR past perfect for past events. While, as

She began cooking while I was finishing my homework. As I was finishing my homework, she began cooking. 'While' and 'as' mean 'during that time'. 'While' and 'as' are both usually used with the past continuous because the meaning of 'during that time' which indicates an action in progress. By the time

By the time he finished, I had cooked dinner. We will have finished our homework by the time they arrive. 'By the time' expresses the idea that one event has been completed before another. It is important to notice the use of the past perfect for past events and future perfect for future events in the main clause. This is because of the idea of something happening up to another point in time. Until, till

We waited until he finished his homework.

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CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc)– ADVERBAL CLAUSES

By Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn – Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 2

I'll wait till you finish. 'Until' and 'till' express 'up to that time'. We use either the simple present or simple past with 'until' and 'till'. 'Till' is usually only used in spoken English. Since

I have played tennis since I was a young boy. They have worked here since 1987. 'Since' means 'from that time'. We use the present perfect (continuous) with 'since'. 'Since' can also be used with a specific point in time. As soon as/ Once

He will let us know as soon as he decides (or as soon as he has decided). As soon as I hear from Tom, I will give you a telephone call. Once I have a chance, I will throw you an ice ball. 'As soon as' means 'when something happens - immediately afterwards'. 'As soon as' is very similar to 'when' it emphasizes that the event will occur immediately after the other. We usually use the simple present for future events, although present perfect can also be used.

NOTE: No sooner … than … or hardly/scarcely/barely …when. . is used in the meaning of As soon as…but when the sentence starts …